Investigating the impact of combining handwritten signature and keyboard keystroke dynamics for gender prediction

© 2019 IEEE. The use of soft-biometric data as an auxiliary tool on user identification is already well known. Gender, handorientation and emotional state are some examples which can be called soft-biometrics. These soft-biometric data can be predicted directly from the biometric templates. It is very common to find researches using physiological modalities for soft-biometric prediction, but behavioural biometric is often not well explored for this context. Among the behavioural biometric modalities, keystroke dynamics and handwriting signature have been widely explored for user identification, including some soft-biometric predictions. However, in these modalities, the soft-biometric prediction is usually done in an individual way. In order to fill this space, this study aims to investigate whether the combination of those two biometric modalities can impact the performance of a soft-biometric data, gender prediction. The main aim is to assess the impact of combining data from two different biometric sources in gender prediction. Our findings indicated gains in terms of performance for gender prediction when combining these two biometric modalities, when compared to the individual ones

Valor nutritivo de perfilhos e componentes morfológicos em pastos de capim-braquiária diferidos e adubados com nitrogênio Nutritive value of tillers and morphological components on deferred and nitrogen fertilized pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo de perfilhos e componentes morfológicos em pastos diferidos e adubados com nitrogênio de Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. Dois experimentos foram realizados em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições e esquema de parcela subdivida. No primeiro experimento, foram realizadas combinações entre doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg/ha) com os componentes morfológicos (folha verde, colmo verde, folha morta e colmo morto) ou com as categorias de perfilhos (vegetativo e reprodutivo) do pasto. No segundo experimento, estudaram-se as combinações entre períodos de diferimento (73, 95 e 116 dias) com categorias de perfilhos (vegetativo e reprodutivo). A adubação nitrogenada aumentou o percentual de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) nos colmos verdes e o teor de proteína bruta (PB) nas folhas verdes e mortas e no colmo verde. Elevou também os percentuais de PB nos perfilhos vegetativos e reprodutivos, assim como o teor de FDN do perfilhos vegetativos. Maior período de diferimento causou acréscimo no percentual de FDN e redução no percentual de proteína bruta nos perfilhos vegetativos e reprodutivos. A dose de nitrogênio e o período de diferimento alteram o valor nutritivo dos componentes morfológicos e dos perfilhos dos pastos de B. decumbens cv. Basilisk. No diferimento da pastagem, ações de manejo que resultem em maiores percentuais de lâmina foliar verde e perfilho vegetativo no pasto contribuem para melhorar o valor nutritivo da forragem diferida.<br>This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the nutritional value of tillers and the morphological components on deferred and nitrogen-fertilized pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. Two experiments were performed in randomized block designs with three repetitions and subdivided plot scheme. In the first experiment, combinations among nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) were performed either with the morphological components (green leaves, green stem, dead leaves and dead stem) or with tiller categories (vegetative and reproductive) of the pasture. In the second experiment, the combinations of the deferring periods (73, 95 and 116 days) with the tiller categories (vegetative and reproductive) were studied. N-fertilization increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) percentage in the green stem and the content of crude protein (CP) in green leaves, dead leaves, and green stem. N-fertilization also increased CP percentages in the vegetative and reproductive tillers, as well as the NDF content in vegetative tillers. A higher deferring period resulted in an increment of the NDF percentage and a reduction of crude protein percentage in the vegetative and reproductive tillers. Nitrogen dose and the deferring period alter the nutritional value of the morphological components and the tillers of the pastures of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk. For deferring of pastures, management actions that result in higher percentages of green foliar blade and vegetative tiller in the pasture contribute to improve the nutritional value of the deferred forage